High [CVE-2026-54297] Denial of Service via crafted nested query strings

Faraday is an HTTP client library abstraction layer that provides a common interface over many adapters. From 1.0.0 until 1.10.6 and 2.14.3, Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, the default nested query parameter encoder/decoder in Faraday, decodes nested query strings without enforcing a maximum nesting depth.

A crafted query string causes Faraday to build a deeply nested Ruby Hash structure. The internal dehash routine then recursively walks this attacker-controlled structure without a depth limit.

At sufficient depth, Ruby raises an uncaught SystemStackError (stack level too deep), crashing the calling thread or worker. This can lead to denial of service in applications that pass attacker-controlled query strings to Faraday's nested query parsing or URL-building paths.

This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.6 and 2.14.3. The Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder, which handles nested query parameters, does not limit the depth of nested query strings during decoding.

A remote attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted query string, causing the application to build an excessively deep data structure. This can lead to a SystemStackError, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) by crashing the application's processing thread or worker.