Red Hat Linux Security Advisories & CVEs
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Latest Red Hat advisories
High [CVE-2026-12246] Out of bounds stack write with crafted APL RR
NSD version 4.14.0 introduced a bug where a specially crafted APL RR, with an adflength larger than permitted for the address family will overwrite the stack when the zone is written to disk, with a maximum of 111 attacker controlled bytes. A flaw was found in NSD. A remote attacker, operating as a configured primary DNS server in a multi-tenant secondary DNS deployment, could exploit a bug involving specially crafted Address Prefix List (APL) resource records. This could lead to arbitrary code execution or a denial of service. This is an Important flaw in NSD, affecting multi-tenant secondary DNS deployments. The vulnerability requires the attacker to be a trusted primary, but the risk is significant in multi-tenant environments. This vulnerability doesn't affect any supported Red Hat Product. Red Hat severity: Important — CVSS 8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-787.
High [CVE-2026-53143] Fix buffer overflow in SDMA queue checkpoint/restore on GFX11
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amdkfd: Fix buffer overflow in SDMA queue checkpoint/restore on GFX11 The v11 MQD manager incorrectly assigned the CP-compute variants of checkpoint_mqd/restore_mqd for KFD_MQD_TYPE_SDMA queues. These functions use sizeof(struct v11_compute_mqd) (2048 bytes) instead of sizeof(struct v11_sdma_mqd) (512 bytes), causing a 1536-byte overflow. During CRIU checkpoint of an SDMA queue on Navi3x: - checkpoint_mqd() reads 2048 bytes from a 512-byte SDMA MQD buffer, leaking 1536 bytes of adjacent GTT memory to userspace During CRIU restore: - restore_mqd() writes 2048 bytes into a 512-byte SDMA MQD buffer, corrupting 1536 bytes of adjacent GTT memory (often the ring buffer or neighboring MQDs) This is a copy-paste regression unique to v11. All other ASIC backends (cik, vi, v9, v10, v12) correctly use the SDMA-specific variants. Add checkpoint_mqd_sdma() and restore_mqd_sdma() functions that properly handle the smaller v11_sdma_mqd structure, matching the pattern used in other MQD managers. (cherry picked from commit 6fa41db7ffdec97d62433adf03b7b9b759af8c2c) A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's AMD KFD (Kernel Fusion Driver) component. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53145] Try to fix change_handle ioctl, attempt 4
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/gem: Try to fix change_handle ioctl, attempt 4 [airlied: just added some comments on how to reenable] On-list because the cat is out of the bag and we're clearly not good enough to figure this out in private. The story thus far: 5e28b7b94408 ("drm: Set old handle to NULL before prime swap in change_handle") tried to fix a race condition between the gem_close and gem_change_handle ioctls, but got a few things wrong: - There's a confusion with the local variable handle, which is actually the new handle, and so the two-stage trick was actually applied to the wrong idr slot. 7164d78559b0 ("drm/gem: fix race between change_handle and handle_delete") tried to fix that by adding yet another code block, but forgot to add the error handling. Which meant we now have two paths, both kinda wrong. - dc366607c41c ("drm: Replace old pointer to new idr") tried to apply another fix, but inconsistently, again because of the handle confusion - this would be the right fix (kinda, somewhat, it's a mess) if we'd do the two-stage approach for the new handle. Except that wasn't the intent of the original fix. We also didn't have an igt merged for the original ioctl, which is a big no-go. This was attempted to address off-list in the original bugfix, and amd QA people claimed the bug was fixed now.
High [CVE-2026-53148] Clamp XDomain response data copy to allocation size
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: thunderbolt: Clamp XDomain response data copy to allocation size tb_xdp_properties_request() derives the per-packet copy length from the response header without checking that it fits in the previously allocated data buffer. A malicious peer can set its length field larger than the declared data_length, causing memcpy to write past the kcalloc allocation. Clamp the per-packet copy length so that the cumulative offset never exceeds data_len. A malicious peer can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted response that causes the system to write data beyond an allocated memory buffer. This out-of-bounds write can lead to memory corruption, which may allow an attacker to cause a denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code. Red Hat severity: Important — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-787. Red Hat lists Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as not affected.
High [CVE-2026-53153] drain before clearing xarray entry on reparent
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/list_lru: drain before clearing xarray entry on reparent memcg_reparent_list_lrus() clears the dying memcg's xarray entry with xas_store(&xas, NULL) before reparenting its per-node lists into the parent. This opens a window where a concurrent list_lru_del() arriving for the dying memcg sees xa_load() == NULL, walks to the parent in lock_list_lru_of_memcg(), takes the parent's per-node lock, and calls list_del_init() on an item still physically linked on the dying memcg's list. If another in-flight thread holds the dying memcg's per-node lock at the same moment (another list_lru_del, or a list_lru_walk_one running an isolate callback), both threads modify ->next/->prev pointers on the same physical list under different locks. Adjacent items can corrupt each other's links. Fix it by reversing the order: reparent each per-node list and mark the child's list lru dead and then clear the xarray entry. Any concurrent list_lru op that finds the still-set xarray entry either takes the dying memcg's per-node lock (synchronizing with the drain) or sees LONG_MIN and walks to the parent, where the items now live. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's memory cgroup (memcg) list_lru component. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat package: kernel.
High [CVE-2026-53175] fix use-after-free caused by the fqdir_pre_exit flush
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: inet: frags: fix use-after-free caused by the fqdir_pre_exit() flush On netns teardown, fqdir_pre_exit() walks the fqdir rhashtable and flushes every fragment queue that is not yet complete using inet_frag_queue_flush(). That helper frees all the skbs queued on the fragment queue but does not set INET_FRAG_COMPLETE, and leaves q->fragments_tail and q->last_run_head pointing at the freed skbs. The queue itself stays in the rhashtable. fqdir_pre_exit() first lowers high_thresh to 0 to stop new queue lookups, but it cannot stop a fragment that already obtained the queue through inet_frag_find() earlier and stalled just before taking the queue lock. Once that fragment resumes after the flush and takes the queue lock, it passes the INET_FRAG_COMPLETE check and then dereferences the freed fragments_tail. inet_frag_queue_insert() reads FRAG_CB() and ->len of that pointer and, on the append path, writes ->next_frag, causing a slab use-after-free. IPv6, nf_conntrack_reasm6 and 6lowpan reassembly share the same flush path and are affected as well. Reset rb_fragments, fragments_tail and last_run_head in inet_frag_queue_flush() so a flushed queue no longer points at the freed skbs.
High [CVE-2026-53202] Fix signed integer truncation in IPC receive
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/ivpu: Fix signed integer truncation in IPC receive Fix potential buffer overflow where firmware-supplied data_size is cast to signed int before being used in min_t(). Large unsigned values (>= 0x80000000) become negative, causing unsigned wraparound and oversized memcpy operations that can overflow the stack buffer. Change min_t(int,...) to min() as both values are unsigned and can be handled by min() without explicit cast. A local attacker could exploit a signed integer truncation vulnerability in the Inter-Process Communication (IPC) receive path. This flaw occurs when a firmware-supplied data size is incorrectly converted, leading to an oversized memory copy operation that can overflow a kernel stack buffer. Successful exploitation could result in a denial of service through a kernel crash and potentially lead to privilege escalation. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7.3 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H). Weakness: CWE-787. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat fixing advisory: RHSA-2026:54343, RHSA-2026:54443. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53203] Add buffer overflow check in MS get_info_ioctl
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/ivpu: Add buffer overflow check in MS get_info_ioctl Add validation that the info size returned from the metric stream info query is not exceeded when checked against the allocated buffer size. If the firmware returns a size larger than the buffer, reject the operation with -EOVERFLOW instead of proceeding with an incorrect buffer copy. This vulnerability, a buffer overflow, occurs when the firmware returns a size larger than the allocated buffer during a metric stream information query. This can lead to an incorrect buffer copy, potentially causing system instability or denial of service. Red Hat severity: Important — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-120. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53277] Take the SRCU lock for page table walks in fault injection and AT emulation
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: arm64: Take the SRCU lock for page table walks in fault injection and AT emulation walk_s1() and kvm_walk_nested_s2() expect to be called while holding kvm->srcu to guard against memslot changes. While this is generally the case, __kvm_at_s12() and __kvm_find_s1_desc_level() call into the respective walkers without taking kvm->srcu. Fix by acquiring kvm->srcu prior to the table walk in both instances. A flaw was found in the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) component of the Linux kernel on arm64 architectures. This vulnerability occurs because certain page table walk operations, used in fault injection and Address Translation (AT) emulation, do not properly acquire a Sleepable Read-Copy Update (SRCU) lock. This omission could lead to inconsistencies in memory slot management, potentially causing system instability or unexpected behavior within the virtualized environment. Red Hat severity: Important — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-820. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. Red Hat fixing advisory: RHSA-2026:64775. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel.
High [CVE-2026-12490] Bypass of client certificate verification with transfer over TLS
When a provide-xfr is given with a tls-auth-name, a secondary requesting a transfer should provide a client certificate with that name. However, no client certificate is needed when the request comes in over TLS over the regular tls-port (and not the tls-auth-port) or over over TCP over the regular port, when the other conditions of the provide-xfr rule match. A flaw was found in nsd. This authentication bypass allows an attacker to perform unauthorized zone transfers, leading to information disclosure. This flaw is rated as Moderate. This allows unauthorized zone transfers and information disclosure if requests are made over the regular TLS or TCP port, as the `tls-auth-xfr-only` option is not enabled by default. This vulnerability doesn't affect any supported Red Hat Product. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N). Weakness: CWE-303.
High [CVE-2026-53168] reject fuse_notify pagecache ops on directories
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fuse: reject fuse_notify() pagecache ops on directories The operations FUSE_NOTIFY_STORE and FUSE_NOTIFY_RETRIEVE allow the FUSE daemon to actively write/read pagecache contents. For directories with FOPEN_CACHE_DIR, the pagecache is used as kernel-internal cache storage, and userspace is not supposed to have direct access to this cache - in particular, fuse_parse_cache() will hit WARN_ON() if the cache contains bogus data. Reject FUSE_NOTIFY_STORE and FUSE_NOTIFY_RETRIEVE on anything other than regular files with -EINVAL. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) component. When these operations are performed on directories configured with `FOPEN_CACHE_DIR`, userspace can improperly access and manipulate kernel-internal cache storage. This could lead to system instability or a denial of service if the cache contains invalid data, potentially triggering a kernel warning. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-266. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53236] restrict SO_ATTACH_FILTER to priv users
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tcp: restrict SO_ATTACH_FILTER to priv users This patch restricts the use of SO_ATTACH_FILTER (cBPF) on TCP sockets to users with CAP_NET_ADMIN capability. This blocks potential side-channel attack where an unprivileged application attaches a filter to leak TCP sequence/acknowledgment numbers. An unprivileged application can exploit this vulnerability by attaching a Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) using the SO_ATTACH_FILTER option. This allows the application to conduct a side-channel attack, leading to the leakage of sensitive TCP sequence and acknowledgment numbers. This information disclosure could potentially be used to aid further attacks. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L). Weakness: CWE-266. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53242] Fix wait queue list corruption in snd_pcm_drain on linked streams
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: PCM: Fix wait queue list corruption in snd_pcm_drain() on linked streams snd_pcm_drain() uses init_waitqueue_entry which does not clear entry.prev/next, and add_wait_queue with a conditional remove_wait_queue that is skipped when to_check is no longer in the group after concurrent UNLINK. The orphaned wait entry remains on the unlinked substream sleep queue. On the next drain iteration, add_wait_queue adds the entry to a new queue while still linked on the old one, corrupting both lists. A subsequent wake_up dereferences NULL at the func pointer (mapped from the spinlock at offset 0 of the misinterpreted wait_queue_head_t), causing a kernel panic. Replace init_waitqueue_entry/add_wait_queue/conditional remove_wait_queue with init_wait_entry/prepare_to_wait/ finish_wait. init_wait_entry clears prev/next via INIT_LIST_HEAD on each iteration and sets autoremove_wake_function which auto-removes the entry on wake-up. finish_wait safely handles both the already-removed and still-queued cases. A flaw was found in the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) component of the Linux kernel. An attacker could exploit this issue to trigger a kernel panic, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) on the affected system.
High [CVE-2026-53137] Clamp HDMI HDCP2 rx_id_list read to buffer size
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Clamp HDMI HDCP2 rx_id_list read to buffer size [Why & How] During HDCP 2.x repeater authentication over HDMI, the driver reads the sink's RxStatus register and extracts a 10-bit message size field (max value 1023). This value is used as the read length for the ReceiverID list without being clamped to the size of the destination buffer rx_id_list[177]. A malicious HDMI repeater could advertise a message size larger than the buffer, causing an out-of-bounds write during the I2C read. Clamp the read length in mod_hdcp_read_rx_id_list() to the size of the rx_id_list buffer, matching the approach already used in the DP branch. (cherry picked from commit 229212219e4247d9486f8ba41ef087358490be09) This could lead to an out-of-bounds write, potentially causing a denial of service or other unpredictable system behavior. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-787. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Will not fix / out of support: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53256] hold listener socket in rfcomm_connect_ind
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: RFCOMM: hold listener socket in rfcomm_connect_ind() rfcomm_get_sock_by_channel() scans rfcomm_sk_list under the list lock, but returns the selected listener after dropping that lock without taking a reference. rfcomm_connect_ind() then locks the listener, queues a child socket on it, and may notify it after unlocking it. The buggy scenario involves two paths, with each column showing the order within that path: rfcomm_connect_ind(): listener close: 1. Find parent in 1. close() enters rfcomm_get_sock_by_channel() rfcomm_sock_release(). 2. Drop rfcomm_sk_list.lock 2. rfcomm_sock_shutdown() without pinning parent. closes the listener. 3. Call lock_sock(parent) and 3. rfcomm_sock_kill() bt_accept_enqueue(parent, unlinks and puts parent. sk, true). 4. Read parent flags and may 4. parent can be freed. call sk_state_change(). If close wins the race, parent can be freed before rfcomm_connect_ind() reaches lock_sock(), bt_accept_enqueue(), or the deferred-setup callback. After lock_sock() succeeds, recheck that it is still in BT_LISTEN before queueing a child, cache the deferred-setup bit while the parent is locked, and drop the reference after the last parent use.
High [CVE-2026-53218] fix register tracking for F_PRESENT flag
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nft_exthdr: fix register tracking for F_PRESENT flag nft_exthdr_init() passes user-controlled priv->len to nft_parse_register_store(), which marks that many bytes in the register bitmap as initialized. However, when NFT_EXTHDR_F_PRESENT is set, the eval paths write only 1 byte (nft_reg_store8) or 4 bytes (*dest = 0 on TCP/DCCP error path). When len > 4, registers beyond the first are never written, retaining uninitialized stack data from nft_regs. Bail out if userspace requests too much data when F_PRESENT is set. This vulnerability occurs in the `nft_exthdr` module when handling user-controlled data lengths with a specific flag, `NFT_EXTHDR_F_PRESENT`, enabled. An attacker could exploit this by providing a crafted input, leading to the exposure of uninitialized stack memory. This information disclosure could potentially reveal sensitive system data. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-824. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53182] reject oversized EMA RNR lists
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: nl80211: reject oversized EMA RNR lists nl80211_parse_rnr_elems() stores the parsed element count in a u8-backed cfg80211_rnr_elems::cnt field and uses that count to size the flexible array allocation. Reject nested NL80211_ATTR_EMA_RNR_ELEMS input once the count reaches 255, before incrementing it again. This keeps the parser aligned with the data structure it fills and matches the existing bound check used by nl80211_parse_mbssid_elems(). The nl80211_parse_rnr_elems() function, responsible for parsing EMA RNR (Enhanced Multiple Access Reduced Neighbor Report) lists, does not properly handle an excessive number of nested NL80211_ATTR_EMA_RNR_ELEMS inputs. This improper input validation could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) by providing an oversized EMA RNR list, potentially leading to system instability or a crash. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 7 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Weakness: CWE-770. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. Will not fix / out of support: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. Red Hat fixing advisory: RHSA-2026:65334, RHSA-2026:67469, RHSA-2026:67468, RHSA-2026:67150. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
High [CVE-2026-53230] Fix slab-out-of-bounds in mlx5_query_nic_vport_mac_list
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: Fix slab-out-of-bounds in mlx5_query_nic_vport_mac_list mlx5_query_nic_vport_mac_list() sizes its firmware command buffer using the PF's log_max_current_uc/mc_list capabilities. When querying a VF vport with a larger configured max (via devlink), the firmware response can overflow this buffer: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in mlx5_query_nic_vport_mac_list+0x453/0x4c0 [mlx5_core] Read of size 4 at addr ff1100013ffc8a12 by task kworker/u96:2/385 CPU: 12 UID: 0 PID: 385 Comm: kworker/u96:2 Not tainted 7.0.0-rc6+ #1 PREEMPT Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009) Workqueue: mlx5_esw_wq esw_vport_change_handler [mlx5_core] Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x69/0xa0 print_report+0x176/0x4e4 kasan_report+0xc8/0x100 mlx5_query_nic_vport_mac_list+0x453/0x4c0 [mlx5_core] esw_update_vport_addr_list+0x2e3/0xda0 [mlx5_core] esw_vport_change_handle_locked+0xa1f/0x1060 [mlx5_core] esw_vport_change_handler+0x6a/0x90 [mlx5_core] process_one_work+0x87f/0x15e0 worker_thread+0x62b/0x1020 kthread+0x375/0x490 ret_from_fork+0x4dc/0x810 ret_from_fork_asm+0x11/0x20 Fix by querying the vport's own HCA caps to size the buffer correctly. Refactor the function to allocate and return the MAC list internally, removing the caller's dependency on knowing the correct max.
High [CVE-2026-53228] reload inner IPv6 header after GSO offloads
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: sit: reload inner IPv6 header after GSO offloads ipip6_tunnel_xmit() caches the inner IPv6 header pointer at function entry and continues using it after iptunnel_handle_offloads(). For GSO skbs, iptunnel_handle_offloads() calls skb_header_unclone(). When the skb header is cloned, skb_header_unclone() can call pskb_expand_head(), which may move the skb head. The pskb_expand_head() contract requires pointers into the skb header to be reloaded after the call. If the later skb_realloc_headroom() branch is not taken, SIT uses the stale iph6 pointer to read the inner hop limit and DS field. That can read from a freed skb head after the old head's remaining clone is released. Reload iph6 after the offload helper succeeds and before subsequent reads from the inner IPv6 header. Keep the existing reload after skb_realloc_headroom(), since that branch can also replace the skb. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Simple Internet Transition (SIT) tunnel driver for IPv6. When processing network traffic with Generic Segmentation Offload (GSO) enabled, the driver may use a stale pointer to the inner IPv6 header after the socket buffer (skb) head has been reallocated. This can lead to reading from freed memory, potentially allowing an attacker to cause a denial of service or gain access to sensitive information.
High [CVE-2026-53185] fix use-after-free in zram_bvec_write_partial
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: zram: fix use-after-free in zram_bvec_write_partial() zram_read_page() picks the sync or async backing device read path based on whether the parent bio is NULL. zram_bvec_write_partial() passes its parent bio down, so for ZRAM_WB slots the read is dispatched asynchronously and zram_read_page() returns 0 while the bio is still in flight. The caller then runs memcpy_from_bvec(), zram_write_page() and __free_page() on the buffer, leaving the async read to write into a freed page. zram_bvec_read_partial() was switched to NULL in commit 4e3c87b9421d ("zram: fix synchronous reads") for the same reason; the write_partial counterpart was missed. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel, specifically within the zram module. This vulnerability is a use-after-free error, where the system attempts to use a piece of memory after it has been freed. This occurs when the `zram_bvec_write_partial()` function allows an asynchronous read to write into a page that has already been deallocated. Such a flaw can lead to system instability, causing crashes, or in some scenarios, could be exploited by a local attacker to escalate privileges or execute arbitrary code. The function can return while the read bio is still in flight, after which the caller updates the temporary page, writes it back, and frees it.