Red Hat Linux Security Advisories & CVEs
13569 advisories tracked · Red Hat Security Data API · direct feeds checked every minute; rate-limited backstops use a safe source cadence
Android app · Google Play
Monitor Red Hat CVEs from your phone.
Choose a whole vendor or a precise platform, then receive matching security advisories by phone notification, email, or both. Coverage follows 34 official vendor sources and 160+ reviewed platform categories.
Security advisories for your Red Hat release
Pick your distribution release to see every advisory issued for it and its severity mix. Fixes ship as errata — keep the system patched. This is the release's advisory history, not a per-package scan.
Official source
Red Hat Security Data API
Red Hat Enterprise Linux errata (RHSA) via the official Red Hat Security Data API — CVE severity, CVSS and affected packages. A credential-free official source.
Latest Red Hat advisories
Medium [CVE-2026-74367] fix inconsistent arvif state in vdev_create error paths
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: ath12k: fix inconsistent arvif state in vdev_create error paths ath12k_mac_vdev_create() has three error path issues that leave arvif in an inconsistent state: 1. When ath12k_wmi_vdev_create() fails, the function returns directly without clearing arvif->ar, which was already set before the WMI call. Subsequent code checking arvif->ar to determine vdev readiness will see a non-NULL value despite no vdev existing in firmware. 2. When ath12k_wmi_send_peer_delete_cmd() fails in err_peer_del, the code jumped to err: skipping the DP peer cleanup and vdev rollback, leaving num_created_vdevs, vdev maps and arvif list membership live. 3. Fix by changing the ath12k_wmi_vdev_create() failure to goto err instead of returning directly, routing both err_peer_del failure paths through err_dp_peer_del: for proper DP peer and vdev rollback, and consolidating the arvif state cleanup at err:. Tested-on: WCN7850 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HMT.1.1.c5-00302-QCAHMTSWPL_V1.0_V2.0_SILICONZ-1.115823.3 This vulnerability arises from inconsistent internal state management during error conditions in virtual device creation. If an error occurs, the driver may not properly clear its internal state, leading to resource issues. This could potentially allow a local attacker to cause system instability or a denial of service.
Medium [CVE-2026-74273] Block region delete during region creation
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cxl/region: Block region delete during region creation Expand the range lock, rename it "regions_lock", to disable region deletion in the critical period between construct_region() and attach_target(), as well as the period between device_add() and registering the remove actions. Otherwise, userspace can confuse the kernel. It can violate the assumption the region stays registered through the completion of cxl_add_to_region(). It can violate the assumption that devm_add_action_or_reset() is working with a live 'struct cxl_region'. It is ok for the region to disappear outside of those windows as that mirrors device hotplug flows where the proper locks are held. A local user could exploit a race condition during the creation and deletion of regions. This could lead to the kernel becoming confused about the state of a region, potentially causing system instability or a denial of service (DoS). Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-367. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74432] Fix leak of released call in recvmsg(MSG_PEEK)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix leak of released call in recvmsg(MSG_PEEK) Fix rxrpc_recvmsg() to also drop the ref it holds on an already-released call if MSG_PEEK is in force (the function holds a ref on the call irrespective of whether MSG_PEEK is specified or not). When the `recvmsg()` function is called with the `MSG_PEEK` flag, it fails to properly release a reference to an already-released call. This oversight can lead to a memory leak, potentially allowing a local attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by exhausting system resources. Red Hat severity: Low — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-911. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel.
Medium [CVE-2026-74419] Adjust size for copy_to_user
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: accel/amdxdna: Adjust size for copy_to_user() The amount of data returned to user space should be limited by the buffer size provided by the application. If the buffer is smaller than the data size, return only the portion that fits instead of failing. This vulnerability occurs due to improper handling of user-provided buffer sizes when copying data from kernel space to user space. A local attacker could exploit this by providing a buffer smaller than the expected data size, potentially leading to information disclosure of sensitive kernel memory or a denial of service. Red Hat severity: Low — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-125. Red Hat lists Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as not affected.
Medium [CVE-2026-74284] Don't make class passive twice
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: sch_hfsc: Don't make class passive twice update_vf() is called from two places for the same class during a single dequeue when the class's child qdisc (e.g. codel/fq_codel) drops its last packets while dequeuing: 1. The child calls qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(), which, now that the child is empty, invokes hfsc_qlen_notify() -> update_vf(cl, 0, 0) and turns the class passive (cl_nactive is decremented up the hierarchy). 2. hfsc_dequeue() then calls update_vf(cl, qdisc_pkt_len(skb), cur_time) to charge the dequeued bytes. On the second call the class is already passive, but its child qdisc is still empty, so update_vf() arms go_passive again: if (cl->qdisc->q.qlen == 0 && cl->cl_flags & HFSC_FSC) go_passive = 1; The leaf is then skipped by the cl_nactive == 0 check inside the loop, which does not clear go_passive, so the stale go_passive propagates to the parent and decrements its cl_nactive a second time. A parent that still has other active children is driven to cl_nactive == 0 and removed from the vttree, even though those siblings are still backlogged. They are never dequeued again and the qdisc stalls. Fix this by only arming go_passive when the class is actually active, so an already-passive class no longer triggers a second passive transition.
Medium [CVE-2026-74395] Fix devx subscribe-event unwind NULL dereference
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: RDMA/mlx5: Fix devx subscribe-event unwind NULL dereference MLX5_IB_METHOD_DEVX_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT() links event_sub into sub_list before initializing the fields used by the shared error path. If eventfd_ctx_fdget() then fails, the unwind path dereferences event_sub->ev_file in uverbs_uobject_put() and calls subscribe_event_xa_dealloc() with an unset xa_key_level1. subscribe_event_xa_alloc() creates the XA entry exactly once for a given key_level1, on the first occurrence of that key. Enforce that by adding devx_key_in_sub_list() and calling subscribe_event_xa_dealloc() only when the last matching pending entry is being cleaned up. During the `devx subscribe-event` unwind process, a null pointer dereference can occur if `eventfd_ctx_fdget()` fails. This issue arises because `event_sub` is linked into `sub_list` before its fields are properly initialized, leading to an attempt to dereference a null pointer. A local attacker could potentially exploit this to cause a denial of service (DoS) by crashing the system. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-476. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE.
Medium [CVE-2026-74393] Fix memory leak in drm_syncobj_find_fence
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/syncobj: Fix memory leak in drm_syncobj_find_fence() Commit 18226ba52159 ("drm/syncobj: reject invalid flags in drm_syncobj_find_fence") forgot to take into account the fact that drm_syncobj_find() takes a reference to syncobj and returns early without dropping the reference, leading to memory leaks. Reported by: Sam Spencer The `drm_syncobj_find_fence()` function fails to properly release a reference to a `syncobj` object, which is acquired by `drm_syncobj_find()`. This oversight leads to a memory leak. A local attacker could exploit this vulnerability to consume system memory, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS). Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-771. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74285] Stop leased rxq before uninstalling its memory provider
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: Stop leased rxq before uninstalling its memory provider netif_rxq_cleanup_unlease() tears down the memory provider that was installed on a physical RX queue through a netkit queue lease. It currently revokes the provider's DMA mappings before stopping the physical queue: __netif_mp_uninstall_rxq(virt_rxq, p); /* DMA unmap */ __netif_mp_close_rxq(phys_rxq->dev, rxq_idx, p); /* queue stop */ This inverts the ordering used by the regular teardown paths (normal device unregister and the io_uring zcrx close path), which stop the queue before revoking the provider's mappings. With the physical queue still live, its NAPI can keep consuming net_iov entries from the page_pool alloc cache after the __netif_mp_uninstall_rxq() has already cleared their dma_addr, opening a window for the device to DMA to a stale or zero address. Fix it by swapping the two calls so the queue is stopped (and its NAPI quiesced) before the provider is uninstalled. No functional regression was observed across repeated runs of the nk_qlease.py HW selftest, which exercises the lease teardown path; this was tested against fbnic QEMU emulation.
Medium [CVE-2026-74288] Don't dump dying fib_rule in fib_rules_dump
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: fib_rules: Don't dump dying fib_rule in fib_rules_dump(). rocker_router_fib_event() calls fib_rule_get() during RCU dump. If the fib_rule is dying, refcount_inc() will complain about it. Let's call refcount_inc_not_zero() in fib_rules_dump(). A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's networking subsystem. During the process of dumping network routing rules (fib_rules_dump()), a race condition could occur where a 'dying' rule (one being deallocated) is incorrectly accessed. This could lead to a reference count error, potentially causing a system crash and resulting in a denial of service (DoS). Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-911. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74361] fix FDP fdpcidx bounds check
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme: fix FDP fdpcidx bounds check The fdpcidx bounds check sets n = NUMFDPC + 1 but used > instead of >=, incorrectly accepting fdp_idx when it equals n (i.e. A flaw was found in the NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) subsystem of the Linux kernel. An incorrect bounds check in the Flexible Data Placement (FDP) `fdpcidx` function allows an out-of-bounds access. This occurs because the check incorrectly accepts an index value that is beyond the intended boundary. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system instability or other unspecified impacts. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-125. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74326] fix resource leak in probe error path
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mt76: mt7921: fix resource leak in probe error path When pcim_iomap_region() or devm_kmemdup() fail, the code returns directly without cleaning up previously allocated resources: - mt76_device allocated by mt76_alloc_device() - pci irq vectors allocated by pci_alloc_irq_vectors() Fix this by jumping to the existing error cleanup path instead of returning directly. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's mt76 wireless driver. This flaw occurs when certain memory allocation or I/O mapping functions fail during the probe error path, leading to a failure to deallocate previously reserved resources. This can result in a resource leak, potentially leading to system instability or a denial of service (DoS) condition. Red Hat severity: Low — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-772. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74308] fix kernel BUG in ext4_write_inline_data_end
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix kernel BUG in ext4_write_inline_data_end When the data=journal mount option is used, the ext4_journalled_write_end() function incorrectly calls ext4_write_inline_data_end() without checking if the EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA flag is still set on the inode. If a previous attempt to convert the inline data to an extent failed (e.g. due to ENOSPC), the EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA flag is cleared, but the EXT4_INODE_INLINE_DATA flag remains set. In this scenario, the next call to ext4_write_begin() will not prepare the inline data xattr for writing, but ext4_journalled_write_end() will incorrectly attempt to write to it, triggering a BUG_ON(pos + len > EXT4_I(inode)->i_inline_size) in ext4_write_inline_data() since i_inline_size was not expanded. Fix this by ensuring that ext4_journalled_write_end() only calls ext4_write_inline_data_end() if the EXT4_STATE_MAY_INLINE_DATA flag is set, mirroring the behavior of ext4_write_end() and ext4_da_write_end(). This occurs if a prior attempt to convert inline data to an extent failed, leading to an inconsistent state. An attacker with local access could exploit this to trigger a kernel bug, resulting in a system crash and a Denial of Service (DoS). Red Hat severity: Low — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-805.
Medium [CVE-2026-74344] Clear rb node linkage when freeing bpf_rb_root
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Clear rb node linkage when freeing bpf_rb_root bpf_rb_root_free() detaches the root by copying the current rb_root_cached and then replacing the live root with RB_ROOT_CACHED. It then walks the copied root and drops each object contained in the tree. This leaves the rb node state intact while dropping the object. If the object is refcounted and survives the drop, its bpf_rb_node_kern still contains an owner pointer to the freed root and stale rb tree linkage. If a later bpf_rb_root allocation reuses the same address, bpf_rbtree_remove() can incorrectly pass the owner check and call rb_erase_cached() on a node whose rb pointers belong to the old tree. This makes surviving nodes unowned and safe to reject from remove or accept for a later add. A flaw was found in the BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) subsystem of the Linux kernel. When freeing a BPF red-black tree root, the system could leave behind stale pointers in certain objects. If the memory address is reused, a subsequent operation could incorrectly access these stale pointers, leading to memory corruption. This issue could potentially cause system instability or a denial of service. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-825.
Medium [CVE-2026-74363] fix UAF by restoring RCU-delayed inode freeing in bpffs
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: fix UAF by restoring RCU-delayed inode freeing in bpffs commit 4f375ade6aa9 ("bpf: Avoid RCU context warning when unpinning htab with internal structs") moved inode cleanup from ->free_inode() into ->destroy_inode() to avoid sleeping in RCU context when calling bpf_any_put(). However this removed the RCU delay on freeing the inode itself and the cached symlink body (i_link), both of which can be accessed by RCU pathwalk (pick_link, may_lookup etc.). This causes a use-after-free when a concurrent unlinkat() drops the last inode reference and destroy_inode() frees the inode immediately, while another task is still walking the path in RCU mode and reads inode->i_opflags (offset +2) inside current_time() -> is_mgtime(). Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat package: kernel.
Medium [CVE-2026-74349] reject FITRIM ranges shorter than a cluster
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ocfs2: reject FITRIM ranges shorter than a cluster ocfs2_trim_mainbm() trims the global bitmap in cluster units, but its too-short range validation only checks sb->s_blocksize. On filesystems with a cluster size larger than the block size, a FITRIM range that is at least one block but shorter than one cluster is accepted and shifted down to len == 0. The later start + len - 1 and len -=... arithmetic then underflows and can drive trimming past the requested range. That preserves the existing -EINVAL behavior for requests that cannot discard even one allocation unit and keeps zero-cluster trims out of the group walk. A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster File System version 2) component. A local attacker with appropriate permissions could trigger an issue during filesystem trimming operations. By providing a specific range for trimming that is smaller than expected, an internal calculation error (integer underflow) occurs. This error could cause the system to trim data outside the intended area, potentially leading to data corruption or making the system unavailable (Denial of Service). Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-787.
Medium [CVE-2026-74329] unregister PM notifier on watchdog unregister
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: watchdog: unregister PM notifier on watchdog unregister watchdog_register_device() registers wdd->pm_nb when WDOG_NO_PING_ON_SUSPEND is set, but watchdog_unregister_device() does not remove it. This leaves an embedded notifier block on the PM notifier chain after the watchdog device has been unregistered. A later suspend/resume notification can then call watchdog_pm_notifier() with a stale watchdog_device pointer, or at minimum after wdd->wd_data has been cleared by watchdog_dev_unregister(). Unregister the PM notifier before tearing down the watchdog device. When a watchdog device is unregistered, its Power Management (PM) notifier may not be properly removed. This can lead to a stale pointer being used during a subsequent suspend/resume operation, potentially causing system instability or a denial of service. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-825. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Will not fix / out of support: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74286] allocate per-cpu tstats for PFCP netdevs
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: pfcp: allocate per-cpu tstats for PFCP netdevs PFCP uses dev_get_tstats64() as its ndo_get_stats64 callback, but pfcp_link_setup() does not request NETDEV_PCPU_STAT_TSTATS. The net core therefore leaves dev->tstats NULL for PFCP devices. Creating a PFCP rtnetlink device can immediately ask the new netdev for stats while building the RTM_NEWLINK notification. That reaches dev_get_tstats64() and dereferences the NULL dev->tstats pointer. Set pcpu_stat_type to NETDEV_PCPU_STAT_TSTATS during PFCP link setup so the net core allocates the storage expected by dev_get_tstats64(). A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) module. The module fails to properly allocate per-CPU statistics, leaving a pointer uninitialized. A local attacker can exploit this by creating a PFCP rtnetlink device, which triggers a null pointer dereference. This can lead to a system crash, resulting in a denial of service. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-476. Red Hat lists Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 as not affected.
Medium [CVE-2026-74489] fix tid_tx use-after-free on BA session stop
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: mac80211: fix tid_tx use-after-free on BA session stop ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_cb() hands tid_tx to kfree_rcu() through ieee80211_remove_tid_tx(), and then reads tid_tx->ndp after dropping sta->lock: ieee80211_remove_tid_tx(sta, tid);/* kfree_rcu(tid_tx, rcu_head) */... spin_unlock_bh(&sta->lock); if (start_txq) ieee80211_agg_start_txq(sta, tid, false); if (send_delba) ieee80211_send_delba(..., tid_tx->ndp); That read is not covered by an RCU read-side critical section, and it runs in preemptible process context: both callers hold the wiphy mutex, reaching it either from the ieee80211_ba_session_work() wiphy work or from ieee80211_sta_tear_down_BA_sessions() during station teardown. Softirqs can run in that window too, both from the local_bh_enable() that ends ieee80211_agg_start_txq() and from any interrupt exit, so the RCU callback can free tid_tx before the read. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9; Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74527] Block VFs from clobbering special CGX PKIND state
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: octeontx2-af: Block VFs from clobbering special CGX PKIND state PF and VF NIX LFs that share a CGX LMAC reuse the same hardware PKIND programming. When HiGig2 or EDSA parsing is enabled, a VF NIX LF alloc must not reset the LMAC RX PKIND or default TX parse config over the PF setup. Add cgx_get_pkind() and rvu_cgx_is_pkind_config_permitted() so VFs skip cgx_set_pkind(), rvu_npc_set_pkind(), and NIX_AF_LFX_TX_PARSE_CFG updates when the LMAC is using NPC_RX_HIGIG_PKIND or NPC_RX_EDSA_PKIND. When Physical Functions (PFs) and Virtual Functions (VFs) share a network interface controller's (NIC) hardware programming (PKIND state), a Virtual Function could overwrite the configuration set by the Physical Function. This could lead to unintended changes in network traffic processing, potentially causing a denial of service or unexpected behavior. Red Hat severity: Moderate — CVSS 5.5 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H). Weakness: CWE-1220. Affected Red Hat products: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10; Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat does not currently list a fixing RHSA for this CVE. Affected products named by the advisory: Red Hat package: kernel-rt.
Medium [CVE-2026-74558] reclaim invalid Tx descriptors in ZC batch path
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: reclaim invalid Tx descriptors in ZC batch path The zero-copy Tx batch parser stops when it encounters an invalid descriptor. If this happens after one or more continuation descriptors, the Tx consumer can be advanced past fragments that are neither submitted to the driver nor returned to userspace through the completion ring. A similar problem occurs when a packet exceeds xdp_zc_max_segs. The descriptors consumed up to the limit are released without completion, and the remaining continuation descriptors can subsequently be interpreted as the beginning of another packet. Parse Tx batches in packet units and distinguish descriptors belonging to complete valid packets from descriptors consumed while draining an invalid or oversized packet. Return the former to the driver and append the latter to the CQ address area so userspace can reclaim their UMEM frames. Treat a standalone invalid descriptor as a one-descriptor reclaim-only packet. Advancing the Tx-ring consumer releases the ring slot, but does not by itself return ownership of the referenced UMEM frame to userspace. Once draining starts, continue until the packet's end-of-packet descriptor is consumed. Preserve the drain state on the socket when EOP has not yet been supplied, so draining can continue during a later call.